The British Government Explained: Commons, Lords, and The King

The UK constitution is unwritten, which can make the political system confusing for newcomers. For the Life in the UK test, you need to understand the three main parts of Parliament.

1. The Monarchy (The King)

The UK is a Constitutional Monarchy. This means the King is the Head of State but does not have the power to make laws or set taxes.

• Role: He represents the UK internationally, advises the Prime Minister, and gives "Royal Assent" to make a bill into a law.
• Test Fact: The Monarch is politically neutral.

2. The House of Commons

This is the most important part of Parliament because its members are elected by the public.

• Members: There are 650 MPs (Members of Parliament).
• The Prime Minister (PM): The leader of the political party with the most MPs becomes the PM.
• The Cabinet: A small group of senior ministers (e.g., Chancellor of the Exchequer, Home Secretary) chosen by the PM to run the country.
• The Opposition: The second-largest party. Their leader creates a "Shadow Cabinet" to challenge the government.

3. The House of Lords

These members are not elected by the public.

• Members: Known as "Peers." Many are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. Some are hereditary (inherited titles) and some are senior bishops of the Church of England.
• Role: They debate and suggest changes to laws proposed by the House of Commons. They act as a check on the government's power.

Key Test Question: The Speaker

Debates in the House of Commons are chaired by The Speaker.

• Role: The Speaker keeps order during debates. They must remain neutral and do not vote on laws unless there is a tie.