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What is the UK?

Section 1 of 3

Section 1

The Four Nations

The United Kingdom consists of four nations, each with its own identity and characteristics:

England

The largest nation by population and area. The capital is London, which is also the capital of the UK. England has a rich history and is known for landmarks like Big Ben, Stonehenge, and Buckingham Palace.

Scotland

Located in the north of Great Britain. The capital is Edinburgh. Scotland is famous for its dramatic landscapes, including the Highlands and islands, as well as cultural traditions like bagpipes, kilts, and the Highland Games.

Wales

Located to the west of England. The capital is Cardiff. Wales is known for its mountains, valleys, castles, and the Welsh language, which is spoken alongside English.

Northern Ireland

Located on the island of Ireland. The capital is Belfast. Northern Ireland shares a border with the Republic of Ireland and is known for the Giant's Causeway and its shipbuilding heritage.

📍Quick Reference - Capitals & Patron Saints
NationCapitalPatron SaintSaint's DayParliament
EnglandLondonSt George23rd April(Westminster)
ScotlandEdinburghSt Andrew30th NovemberScottish Parliament
WalesCardiffSt David1st MarchSenedd Cymru
N. IrelandBelfastSt Patrick17th MarchNI Assembly
💡Memory Trick for National Days
  • Think: M.A.N. = March, April, November
  • March 1st - St David (Wales)
  • March 17th - St Patrick (Northern Ireland)
  • April 23rd - St George (England)
  • November 30th - St Andrew (Scotland)
🔑Key Facts
  • England is the most populous nation
  • Republic of Ireland is the ONLY country sharing a land border with UK
  • Currency: Pound sterling (£)
  • Cardiff became capital of Wales in 1955

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What is the UK? - Life in the UK Study Guide